SIEMENS505-2557亿佳产品好
中断的利用
通过外中断请求取得总线控制权的设备可以通过中断处理机的现行程序,使处理机的全部功能为设备服务,利用整个指令系统操;纵数据和状态寄存器。每个可以中断处理机现行程序的设备在主存中有一对单元保存它的“中断向量”。其中个字存放它的服务程序的起始地址。第2个字是处理程序所使用的处理机状态字,通过正确地使用处理机状态字,可以转变处理机的程序态,改变所用的堆栈指示器,修改处理机的优先级。
(6)外中断步骤
在186机中下述中断处理步骤是由硬件自动完成的:
①如果中断优先级系统许可,处理机批准在所有申请中断的设备中,优先级高的设备取得总线控制权。
②设备取得总线控制权,向处理机发出“中断”命令,和它的服务程序的向量地址。向量地址和服务程序都是在核心态虚拟空间。中断向量的个字是服务程序的首地址,中断向量的第二个字(它的地址等于中断向量地址+2)是该服务程序所用的处理机状态字。
③处理机把现行处理机状态字和程序计数器存人处理机内的暂存寄存器。
④处理机从核心态虚拟空间取出新的程序计数器和状态寄存器(中断向量)。然后把老的程序状态和程序计数器由新的程序状态字15、14位所规定的堆栈。并且把老程序状态字的现行程序状态置人状态字寄存器的13、12位。然后启动服务程序。
这些操作,从处理机接受中断命令,至开始执行服务程序的条指令,所花的时间约为12微秒。这个时间是以整个过程中未发生直接传送为前提的。
⑤中断服务程序结束时,通过执行“中断返回”或“推迟跟踪中断返回”指令返回被中断的程序。执行上述命令的结果是从现行程序态堆栈中弹出两个字装人程序计数器和状态字寄存器。
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