GEIC693PWR331B
单元式制造(Cellular Manufacturing),是指在一条生产线或一个机器设备单元内,由本生产线或生产单元的操作工生产多种产品或零部件的生产制造过程。单元式布局(Cellular layout)是单元式制造的主要布局组成形式。
特点编辑
1、无后续组装和加工工序 在精益单元中不会产生下级组装件。如果产品结构定义要求下一级组装,可以将下级组装在单元中合并入此单元终产品组装工序。
2、单件制造
单元式制造要求单元内实现单件制造,即在单元中无产品队列,各生产设备或人工操作按 照订单需求调整生产速度并进行协调,生产瓶颈。
3、灵活布局和操作区域接近
单元式制造规划的一个主要目的是能根据产品需求灵活调整生产输出。要做到这一点,合理分配单元人力。U形和J形的单元布局可以使操作人员工作时背对背或肩并肩,有助于增强单元内各项操作时的人员活动性,因此是常用的单元布局。传统的线形布局用于 长生产线,工人不能转身立即从事其它操作,因此灵活性较低。
4、多任务操作
在合理的单元布局中,工人可以作多种专项产品加工,或者处理物料等。这种变化可以有 效避免工人长时间在固定位置反复从事单项操作的疲劳,同时可以节省人力成本。
根据精益原则,传统的工厂按制造功能分类布局由单元式制造布局代替。在没有足够制造功能作单元式布局或难以单元规划时,可用拉动式制造方式代替单元式布局。关键测量参数:在制品(Work-in-Process: WIP)库存水平。这个参数应随精益化过程逐渐下降。
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